Pemikiran Maqasid Al-Shari'ah Al-Shatibi dan penyalahgunaannya oleh beberapa tokoh modenis dan liberal terpilih

Abstract

In formulating his maqasid al-shari'ah, al-Shatibi’s method is based on the methodology that was used by the scholars of usul al-fiqh before him. It is intended as such, so that the shari'ah which has been revealed by God can be understood and practiced moderately (wasatiyyah). Unfortunately, the modernist and liberalist scholars such as Fazlur Rahman, Muhammad 'Abid al-Jabiri, Tariq Ramadan, Siti Musdah Mulia, Budhy Munawar Rachman, and Nasaruddin Umar misunderstood and misused al-Shatibi’s maqasid al-shari'ah. It is the main focus of this study to analyze the formulation of al-Shatibi’s maqasid al-shari'ah as well as to describe and evaluate the uses and implementations of that maqasid al-shari'ah by those modernist and liberalist scholars. This study is conducted through library research by focusing on the analysis of al-Shatibi’s formulation of maqasid al-shari'ah and its relation with the discussion made by earlier scholars of usul al-fiqh. Then, that analysis is compared to the modernist and liberalist scholars’ understandings, uses, and implementations of al-Shatibi’s maqasid al-shari'ah. This study is divided into five chapters. The first chapter is the introduction of the study. The second chapter is on the related basic formulation of maqasid al-shari'ah in the discussion of earlier scholars of usul al-fiqh. The third chapter is on the thought of al-Shatibi’s maqasid al-shari'ah and its relation to the discussion of earlier scholars of usul al-fiqh. The fourth chapter is the main discussion, i.e. the analysis of the modernist and liberalist scholars’ misunderstanding and misapplication of al-Shatibi’s maqasid al-shari'ah. The fifth chapter is the conclusion of the study. The findings of this study are, firstly, the formulation of al-Shatibi’s maqasid al-shari'ah cannot be separated from the scholars of u?ul al-fiqh before him like Imam al-Shafi'i, al-Juwayni, al-Ghazali, 'Izz al-Din ibn 'Abd al-Salam, and al-Qarafi. Secondly, there have been some misapplication of al-Shatibi’s maqasid al-shari'ah by the modernist and liberalist scholars due to the influence of Western worldview and its epistemic framework on their thinking. This results in many confusions and errors on al-Shatibi’s formulation of maqasid al-shari'ah, hence their misapplication of it.