Decolorization and biodegradation of mordant orange-1 by newly isolated trichoderma harzianum RY 36 and acremonium spinosum RY 42

Abstract

The synthetics dyes are dangerous for human being and aquatic life when it pollute of water resources. Textile processing manufacture is the largest sector and initiator of fluid sewage in the shape of pollutants containing synthetics dyes. Several wastewater treatment technologies are used to treat of these pollutants including conventional and advances treatment such as Physico-chemical, electrochemical, membrane separation, and reverse osmosis. Nevertheless, all these technologies are high cost operating, need of huge space, limited flexibility and generate by-products. The microbial field which is fungal based bioremediation gives promising treatment for decolorize and degrade the synthetic dye in wastewater from textile industry. It was found to be an environmental friendly, low-cost operation and effective compared to conventional and advances treatments. In this present study, the fungal strains from soil and decayed wood isolated from Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) Campus and some region in Johor Bahru forest were screened and selected for its ability to decolorize the azo dye, Mordant Orange-1 (MO-1). Two isolates RY 36 and RY 42 showed its ability for decolorization of MO-1 dye, among fifty fungal strains collected. The degradation experiments were conducted in both of the solid and liquid medium amended with 50 ppm of MO-1 dye. The efficient degraders, RY 36 and RY 42 were identified using 18S rRNA sequence analysis and morphology characterization. From the results obtained, these fungi belong to the group of Trichoderma harzianum RY 36 and Acremonium spinosum RY 42, respectively. Further, the effect of various environmental factors parameters such as carbon and nitrogen sources, surfactant (Tween 80), aromatic compounds and pH on the dye decolorization by Trichoderma harzianum RY 36 and Acremonium spinosum RY 42 in the liquid medium was assessed. Trichoderma harzianum RY 36 showed efficient decolorization with addition of glucose (84.16%), ammonium nitrate (79.41%), tween 80 0.1 mL (27.68%), salicylic acid (84.73%) pH 3 (89.42%) and maximum biomass production of 6840 mg/L was achieved in the presence of yeast extract. Meanwhile, Acremonium spinosum RY 42 showed efficient decolorization of MO-1 with addition of glucose (86.6%), ammonium nitrate (70.21%), Tween 80 0.1 mL (12.77%), salicylic acid (84.68%) pH 3 (89.6%) and maximum biomass production of 7850 mg/L was achieved in the presence of Tween 80 (1.5 mL). Further, the degradation products of MO-1 by both of the isolates were identified using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrophotometer (GC-MS). The analytical results showed that maleic acid and Isophthalic acid were formed during the degradation of MO-1 by Trichoderma harzianum RY 36. In the case of Acremonium spinosum RY 42, salicylic acid and benzoic acid were identified as metabolic products during the degradation of MO-1 dye.