Utilizing hydraulic modelling and Geographical Information System (GIS) in developing a water distribution network for reclaimed water

Abstract

Rapid development has increased water demand, combined with population growth, water scarcity, climate change, and rapid economic growth, are driving factors for water reclaim. This paper reviews previous research on developing a water distribution system for delivering reclaimed water in order to mitigate the industry's growing water demand. As a result, reclaimable wastewater should be identified in order to establish links between urban and industrial infrastructure planning and water reclamation. Correspondingly, it is tasked with the responsibility of developing low-cost water treatment for industrial water reclamation. Simultaneously, a reliable water distribution network is required to deliver reclaimed water. This can be accomplished through the use of hydraulic modelling and GIS to analyse, manage, and develop the water distribution network in response to a growing supply demand. Hydraulic modelling is used to calculate and analyse the demand for the water supply over a specified time period based on daily water use. Additionally, it computing the appropriate parameter for the pipeline in order to deliver an adequate amount of pressure to the consumer efficiently. The developed hydraulic model was then integrated into GIS to facilitate the network layout and visualization of the water distribution system. Apart from that, in order to fully implement the concept of reclaimed water and its delivery via a water distribution system, several factors must be considered, including public acceptance, economic viability, environmental stewardship, technical operation, and health risk.