Review on the method for carbon footprint calculation of highway development

Abstract

Highway infrastructure emits large quantities of carbon dioxide over their entire life cycle including emission from production of raw materials and also emission from construction, operation, maintenance, and rehabilitation of the roads. The past emission trends of carbon dioxide from these sectors are investigated through their sources while mitigation and abatement strategies are suggested. This paper brings together, for the first time, a systematic review of the carbon footprint calculator of 21 case study highway from 8 different countries were investigated. This review focuses on method for calculate carbon footprint of highway development, through the synthesis of the overall outcomes of these studies, to identify whether using excel tool or Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) software achieve better performance and easier to calculate the emission from highway development. It is observed that using excel tool is better to calculate and analysis the carbon footprint from many sources and stage compare than calculate using LCA software. Therefore, understanding the relationships between methods for calculate carbon footprint life cycle energy consumption and GHG emissions are critically important for highway agencies to evaluate their annual greenhouse gas emission reports. Chang C.d