Pembangunan dan keberkesanan persekitaran e-pembelajaran kaedah sokratik

Abstract

Nowadays, online technology is the most used learning medium. The integration of technology with a pedagogical learning is a combination that is considered to have a great potential in improving the Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) of students. HOTS in Physics subject in Malaysia is still at a dismal level based on the Trends in International Mathematic and Science Study (TIMSS) and Programme International Student Assessment (PISA) test results. Previous studies found a learning method, Socratic Method can improve the cognitive thinking of the students. However, this method only focuses on mastery of critical thinking and rather than focusing on creative thinking, whereas HOTS requires both skills. Therefore, this study examined the extent of students' understanding of HOTS when they are exposed to an e-learning approach based on a Specific Socratic Method for the study of Physics. This was done by developing a system of e-learning environment of this method using Moodle application besides studying its effectiveness. The e-learning system was based on the ADDIE Model aimed for the suitability of target users. This study identified learning features of the Socratic Method and type of online interaction dominant during learning. A quasi-experimental design was adopted using experimental and control groups. A group of 30 students had undergone treatment as compared to the other group who attended conventional classes. Pre and post tests were given to both groups to determine the effectiveness of the developed e-learning environment. Respondents filled the California Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory (CCTDI) and Creative Thinking - Problem Solving (CT-PS) questionnaires to measure their critical and creative thinking. These were analysed using Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney. Quantitative data were also analysed using SPSS with t-test. The characteristics of the Socratic Method and type of interaction that were dominant can be identified through the logs on the use of the e-learning system. Log data were taken from each student and were studied for frequency of application of features and interactions. Qualitative data from interviews triangulated quantitative data. The findings showed that e-learning is an effective method for students to improve their critical and creative thinking skills and will have an overall improvement in the academic achievement, especially in the solution of questions that have HOTS elements in Physics. Finally, an e-learning framework of the Socratic Method for the achievement of HOTS was generated based on the processed data mining using WEKA 3.8.0 application.