Jadhbah menurut pemikiran pengamal tarekat Ahmadiyyah Qādiriyyah di Malaysia

Abstract

Tarekat is an organisation where the concepts related to Islamic Tasawuf are contextualised and one of these concepts is jadhbah.Tasawuf scholars have discussed on jadhbah and majdhub in terms of their definition, evidence and the implications of jadhbah. This study aims to identify the meaning of the concepts of jadhbah, majdhub and majdhub Sheikhs while evaluating their implementation by Tarekat Ahmadiyah Qadiriyyah followers in Malaysia. Qualitative research methods were adopted using semi-structured interviews as well as document analyses as main instruments to obtain dats. Six participants from Tarekat Ahmadiyyah Qadiriyyah were selected to acquire the primary data; and important documents related to Tarekat Ahmadiyah Qadiriyyah were analysed as secondary data. The results show that the concepts of jadhbah according to Tarekat Ahmadiyyah Qadiriyyah followers are in line with the view of jadhbah advocated by al-Kashani. The tarekat Sheikhs who are not majdhub and addressed as 'mursyid' have usually reached the level of nafs-al-radiah and are thus qualified to lead his disciples to reach only to the level of nafs-al-muthma’innah. On the other hand, the tarekat Sheikhs who are majdhub and are adressed as 'murabbi' have normally reached the highest level that is nafs-al-mardiyyah or nafs-al-kamilah and they are qualifief to guide their followers to the highest achievement which is nafs-al-mardiyyah or nafs-al-kamilah and even qu?b al-gawth. The lineage (sanad) of the tarekat Sheikh who is given the title of majdhub can be traced back to both the zahiriyyah as well as the ‘uwaisiyyah lineages. This study implies that there are specific criteria and processes which a murabbi sheikh will need to go through in order to be granted the title of jadhbah.