Develop interlocking concrete block pavement from portland cement, polystyrene and bottom ash on pedestrian road

Abstract

This study presents to utilize agriculture waste (palm oil bottom ash) and polymer material (polystyrene) as a replacement of sand and aggregate a new sustainable interlocking concrete block pavement (ICBP). The bottom ash takes from palm oil mill incinerator at palm factory Belitong, Kluang, Johor. The expanded polystyrene is collected from electric shop and garbage collection center nearest Simpang Renggam, Johor. The bottom ash through the screening process in 4.75 mm sieve complying the BS 410. Only particle passing though the 4.75 mm sieve was be used in interlocking concrete block pavement production. Expanded polystyrene size from 2.5 to 4.0 mm. Concrete mix design for this interlocking concrete block sample with size 220 mm × 110 mm × 60 mm and divided by five (5) ratios where Portland cement is a consistent ratio with (40%) and different percentage ratio for bottom ash and polystyrene. Bottom ash percentage ratio is 0%, 20%. 20%, 40%, 60%, and polystyrene percentage ratio is 60%, 40%, 30%, 20%, 0%. According to the results, the optimum ratio of interlocking concrete block pavement is 30% bottom ash and 30% expanded polystyrene with average compressive strength 4.77 N/mm2 at days 28. The compressive strength is not archived the standard strength based on MS 1380:1995. From the result, percentages of bottom ash are significant value with compressive strength. However, water absorption and density are not significant with percentages of expanded polystyrene. The use of bottom ash in interlocking concrete block pavement in an alternative to encourage environmental protection in order to minimize waste material.