Penjanaan dan pengurusan enap cemar di loji rawatan air terpilih Negeri Kelantan

Abstract

Groundwater resources have become the main source that supplies raw water to every water treatment plant in the state of Kelantan. Air Kelantan Sdn. Bhd. (AKSB) are responsible for 36 Water Treatment Plants (WTPs) operating in Kelantan including issues of treated water distribution and sludge management. This study was conducted to determine the differences in water quality characteristics, water production and sludge formation between Chicha WTP, Merbau Chondong WTP and Kampung Chap WTP as well as to identify the relationship between raw water quality parameters and water treatment methods that affect significant on the quantity of sludge formation. The methodology used for this study are divided into two types, firstly site visit sessions and statistical analysis using water quality reading records at WTP. Based on the findings of the study, each method of extraction of raw water source and water treatment process (conventional or chemiless) has different implications. The results of the percentage of sludge formation and water loss in Kampung Chap WTP are different when compared to Merbau Chondong WTP and Chicha WTP where 19.5% of sludge was produced and 10% of water loss was recorded in Kampung Chap WTP. Meanwhile, sludge formation at the Merbau Chondong WTP has recorded 6.5% (sludge) and 3.3% (water loss) and the Chicha WTP has recorded 6.1% (sludge) and 1.28% (water loss). The use of chemiless water treatment (Kampung Chap WTP) is the main reason for the increase in high production of sludge compared to conventional water treatment (Chicha WTP and Merbau Chondong WTP). It is hoped that the findings of this study can be used to manage, maximize the value of sludge while reducing its generation so that negative effects on the environment can be overcome. In addition, the findings of this study are aimed at helping the AKSB management to select the best raw water treatment process in order to reduce the formation of sludge in the construction of a new WTP later.