Pengaruh suku kaum jawa dan bugis dalam membentuk kepelbagaian seni bina Johor

Abstract

Johor, a well-known state located in the southern part of the Malay Archipelago has received the arrival of external influences from the early days of its establishment. Since 1528 and beginning from the collapse of the Melaka Kingdom in 1511, economic development, trade, soil fertility as well as the wisdom of Johor’s rulers became the driving force that influenced the ethnics to develop a settlement in Johor. The aim of this study is to identify the influence of external ethnic communities who arrived for the purposes of settlement in forming Johor’s traditional architecture. There are three main objectives of this study, namely to identify the ethnic settlements in Johor; to determine the most influential ethnic group which formed the characteristics of Johor’s traditional architecture, and to examine the influence of these ethnic groups on the design and style of traditional Johor architecture. A qualitative method was used as the methodology in this study. Data collection was based on primary sources from site visits to traditional houses selected as the case study while secondary sources were based on research from measured drawing reports obtained from the Centre for the Study of Built Environment in the Malay World (KALAM), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia as well as previous research related to this study. The analysis of this study was carried out on traditional houses of ethnics that had the highest population distribution in the district. Findings of this study found that the settlement of traditional Malay houses concentrated in Muar, Batu Pahat, Pontian and Kota Tinggi. The ethnic groups that dominated these settlements are Bugis, Javanese, Banjar, Malay, Minangkabau and Melayu Melaka. Bugis traditional houses from Sulawesi had more influence on the formation of traditional houses in Johor. This research has shown the influence of the Bugis community on Johor’s traditional houses. This understanding is important in order to sustain the identity of Johor’s traditional houses.