Pemikiran kepimpinan Ikhwan Muslimin dalam perubahan politik dan demokrasi Mesir

Abstract

The founding of the Ikhwan Muslimin (IM) in Egypt in 1928 was a response to the fall of the Ottoman Caliphate in 1924. This study discusses the IM leadership's thinking on Egyptian political and democratic changes from 1928 to 2010. The objective of this study is to examine the key factors that led to dynamism of IM political thought and at the same time to analyze the leaders' thinking in influencing the ideology and political movement of IM. This study also examines the IM leaders’ ideology and their roles in forming political and democratic orientations in Egypt. This study employed qualitative research method, which is library research, by analyzing documents from archives involving primary sources such as files, records, letters, telegrams, and intelligence reports that were obtained from The National Archives, London. In addition, secondary sources such as books, articles, scientific studies, and papers are used to strengthen the study. Finding from this research concludes that IM leadership’s thinking influences the formation of a change of political orientation and democracy in Egypt. Influence in IM leadership’s thinking has also changed due to the political atmosphere that occurred at that time. This change has prompted the IM movement to embark on some of Egypt's political orientation such as providing political advice to the Egyptian government, engaging in demonstrations on Palestinian issues, opposing the occupation of British domination, and supporting the 'Free Officers' movement in the Egyptian Revolution 1952. This study also proves that there is influence of IM leadership’s thinking in the aspect of the democratic system that demonstrates IM's participation in professional organizations, establishing political co-operation with political parties, and participating in the election of Egyptian Parliament. Participation in the democratic system had been the IM’s success when they can utilize government official platform in order to implement Islamic values in Egyptian society. On top of that, IM’s involvement in the system had also helped them to practice the preaching of Islam (Islamic Dakwah) and disseminate their ideology to the wider Muslims.