Determination of triazole fungicides using hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction prior to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis

Abstract

A two phase hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction (HF-LPME) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method for the separation and determination of triazole fungicides, namely, penconazole, hexaconazole, diclobutrazole and diniconazole, is described. The extraction conditions were optimized for the four triazole fungicides as follows: extractant solvent, toluene; extraction time, 20 min; stirring rate, 720 rpm; no salt addition; and no pH adjustment. Under the optimal extraction conditions, the method showed good linearity (r2 = 0.997–0.999), acceptable reproducibility (RSD% = 6–9%), low limit of detection (0.3–0.8 μg·L–1), and satisfactory relative recoveries. The linear range is 1–5000 μg·L–1. The developed HF-LPME method was applied for the determination of triazole fungicides in farm, river, and tap water and also grape juice samples.