Method of producing eggshell-derived nanoparticles for various applications: A review

Abstract

The utilization of eggshells as an adsorbent material for diverse applications has garnered considerable attention among researchers. The incorporation of eggshell nanoparticles holds promise in enhancing reaction efficiency by virtue of their increased surface area. Consequently, this review focuses on the fabrication of materials at the nanoparticle scale in general, with a specific emphasis on eggshells. Two primary approaches for nanoparticle synthesis, namely top-down and bottom-up methods, exist. Within this review, particular attention is given to the top-down method, which encompasses mechanical milling, sputtering, and laser ablation method. Notably, despite the superior nanoparticle sizes produced through the laser ablation method, most researchers currently opt for ball milling, ultrasound, and microwave irradiation to synthesize eggshell nanoparticles. A comparative analysis of each method’s efficacy in preparing eggshell nanoparticles is also presented. In conclusion, eggshell waste exhibits potential as an environmentally valuable material, amenable to various synthesis methods.