Anammox microbial biodiversity in the Karangkates Reservoir Malang and its activity as an ammonia-rich waste degradation

Abstract

Nitrogen is an important element that plays a role in the cycles in the world. The nitrogen cycle is the most important cycle for living things after the carbon cycle. One of the newest processes in the nitrogen cycle is the anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox) process. Anammox is a process when nitrite is used as an electron acceptor in the conversion of ammonium to nitrogen gas with the help of anammox microbes. This study aims to isolate anammox bacteria from sediments from Karangkates reservoir using the Bottle Batch Reactor method, as well as testing the activity of anammox bacteria in reducing excess ammonia in synthetic wastewater containing ammonia using colorimetry method. This study also identifying the biodiversities of anammox microbes insediment sample using Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) testing. The stages in this research are: (1) Preparation of sediment samples and water samples from Karangkates reservoir, (2) water sample parameters analysis, (3) identification of microbial biodiversity involved in nitrogen cycle using Next Generation Sequencing (NGS), (4) cultivation of samples in Bottle Batch Reactor and (5) analyse the performance microbes in removing ammonia. The NGS analysis obtained Anammox microbes from the Kuenen species, namely Candidatus kuenenia stuttgartiensis with an abundance of 0.07%. Apart from the plantomycetes phylum, it also found several other microbes which usually involved in the nitrogen cycle, such as Proteobacteria 40%, Bacteroidetes 4%, Planctomycetes 6%, Chloroflexi 1%, Nitrosomonas 0.03%, Nitrosospira 0.1%, Nitrospiraceae 0.5% and Pseudomonas 0.2%. The average of ammonia removal in this study was 18 % mL/Day.