Tribological properties improvement of 3D-printed parts by in-process addition of graphite particles into the top layer

Abstract

3D printing comprises various manufacturing technologies that build parts layer-by-layer, with fused deposition modeling (FDM) being a widely favored method due to its affordability. It enables the creation of complex shapes and the ability to shape or mix materials to the object's interior. Currently, 3D-printed polymer products are primarily utilized as conceptual prototypes rather than functional components. This is because pure polymer prints lack the necessary mechanical properties to serve as fully operational load-bearing parts, primarily due to high friction and wear. In this study, graphite was added to the top layer of the filament during the printing process to attempt to improve its tribological properties. Using pin-on-disc tester, the tribological performances of 3D printed graphite added PLA disc was compared with that of unmodified PLA disc paired with high chromium steel ball. Results showed that the graphite added PLA disc had lower coefficient of friction compared to the plain PLA disc.