Heat transfer analysis of Maxwell hybrid nanofluid with fractional Cattaneo heat flux

Abstract

Hybrid nanofluids are widely used to improve the efficiency of a thermal system in many aspects of engineering and science. Therefore, the current work is design to investigate the heat transfer of Cu-Fe3O4 nanoparticles in water base Maxwell fluid flow over a cone, which is kept in a porous medium. Additionally, the fluid experiences magnetic field and thermal radiation effects. As a result, the impacts of volume fraction, porosity, magnetic field, and thermal radiation are properly taken into account. It is observed that increasing temperature time relaxation with constant temperature fractional derivative decreases the thermal gradient, whereas increasing temperature fractional derivative parameter with constant time relaxation increases the thermal gradient. Moreover, adding 1% Cu-Fe3O4 increases the heat transfer rate of the fluid up to 1.13% and 1.24% when Rd=0 and Rd=0.2, respectively. On the other hand, the heat transfer rate of Maxwell fluid decreases up to 0.5% in the presence of a magnetic field specifically considering M=2 without thermal radiation.