Recent trends of electromagnetic pulse mean for denied vehicular access application or vehicle immobilization

Abstract

This paper reviews and provides insights into current trends in the methods used by researchers and companies to develop and invent the denied vehicular access application. There are three types of electromagnetic pulses (EMPs) sources that may be used to stop vehicles: High Altitude Electromagnetic Pulse (HEMP), Ultra-Wideband (UWB), and High Power Microwave (HPM). The current trends in system development are reviewed from three perspectives, namely company-government cooperation, current commercial products, and pattern invention. In general, the average effective distance range for stopping vehicles using S-or L-frequency bands is between 3 m and 200 m. In fact, the effective distance also depends on the peak power of electromagnetic waves ranging from 7 W to 4 GW generated by the system. In addition, the design challenges of the denied vehicular access system are discussed.