Formulation of Malaysia-HSOPSC for nurse notification interruption in patient`s safety culture

Abstract

Measurement and assessment of patient safety culture is a top priority in developed countries today. The main aim of this study is to evaluate the current condition of patient safety culture in Malaysia using a Malay version of Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (M-HSOPSC) and propose a mitigation tool to improve patient safety in Malaysian hospital. For the first part, a number of 723 nurses was surveyed from a general hospital in southern region of Peninsular Malaysia. Principal component analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were used to study the psychometric properties of M-HSOPSC, while internal consistency of 13-factor (45 items) model of M-HSOPSC was examined by calculating the Cronbach a score. The principal component analysis revealed that an 11-factor model with 40 items was suitable for Malaysian sample. The internal consistency was at an acceptable level. Out of 13 factors, 9 dimensions of M-HSOPSC were identified as opportunities for improvement with staff interruption in hospital and staffing were rank lowest (29%). The level of staff interruption was chosen for further study. This was done by looking at interruption faced by nurses based on work experience. A new Nurse Interruption in Hospital (NIH) questionnaire was developed for this purpose. Finally, two design of Wearable Interruption Signage (WIS) which are armband WIS and watch WIS were developed and evaluated using human factor engineering approach (heuristic evaluation and usability testing). Findings from the heuristic evaluation and usability testing shows that the armband WIS device has a better usability attributes rating compare to watch WIS device. As a conclusion, this study provides an overall assessment of patient safety culture among nurses in Malaysia and proposed a mitigation tools to improve patient safety in Malaysian hospital.