Influence of process variables for green solid-liquid extraction of Andrographolide from Andrographis paniculate

Abstract

In this study, the influence of process variables for green solid-liquid extraction of andrographolide from Andrographis paniculata (AP) was investigated using a 23 complete factorial experimental design (CFED) augmented with center points. The process was studied at 80 C in a pressurized liquid extractor (PLE). The Overall Yield of Andrographolide (OYA), Overall Selectivity of Andrographolide (OSA), and Overall Selectivity of Andrographolide with respect to Other Phytochemical Compounds (OSA/OPCC) were the process responses used as performance indicators. The results were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), analyzed using half-normal probability plots, Pareto charts, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and 3D response surface and contour plots. Among the three process variables, the particle size was found to have the greatest significant effect, followed by time, and the smallest was the solid-liquid ratio on OYA, OSA and OSA/OPCC. In addition, the double interactions of particle size and time had the most pronounced effects, followed by solid-liquid ratio and time on both OSA and OSA/OPCC, while double interactions of solid-liquid ratio and particle size had the least influence.