Effect of plant organs of ficus deltoidea in the synthesis of silver nanoparticles

Abstract

The effect of different plant organ extracts (leaf, stem, fig and root) of Ficus deltoidea var. kunstleri (King) Corner (Mas Cotek) in the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) was studied. The plant analysis using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LCMS) yielded more than 100 phytochemical compounds in each organ, of which around 50 % belong to the phenolics, flavonoids and polyphenols compounds. The chemical marker compounds (vitexin and isovitexin) were only found in the leaf, and Total Phenolic Content (TPC), as well as Total Flavonoid Content (TFC) were observed to be the highest in fig compared to other organs. The localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of the biosynthesised AgNP using all organs was found at 409 to 428 nm. The capping and stabilization of AgNP by phytochemical compounds were verified by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy as the vibration and stretching of-NH,-CH3,-CH2,-CH, C=O and-OH functional groups were found. There was a high abundance of phytochemical compounds in each organ: gallic acid, kaempferol-3-(6''-caffeoylglucoside), quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside and kaempferol 3-(3'',4''-diacetylrhamnoside) in leaf, stem, fig and root, respectively. These compounds belong to the phenolics, flavonoids and polyphenols groups responsible for reducing Ag+ to Ag0 (AgNP). The results indicated that the fig which contained the highest TPC and TFC formed the highest LSPR peak for the formation of AgNP. The most important finding was the ability of each plant organ of F. deltoidea in the AgNP biosynthesis.