Review on preparation techniques, properties and performance of hybrid nanofluid in recent engineering applications

Abstract

Nanofluid has been drawing attention in various engineering applications in past decade due to its superior heat transfer characteristics than conventional working fluid. From past researchers, it is found that behavior of nanofluid can be greatly varied by various factors such as method of preparation, concentration/type of suspended nanoparticles and type of base fluid used. Due to the desire to possess nanofluid with more advantageous characteristics, dispersion of different nanoparticles into base fluid has led to a novel product which is called hybrid nanofluid. Different types of hybrid nanofluid were prepared and studied by former researchers in accordance with parameters required in their studies. Based on literature review, hybrid nanofluid shows greater heat transfer performance and rheological properties compared to base fluid and mono nanofluid. This paper reviews the preparation method, stability investigation method, thermophysical properties and heat transfer performance of hybrid nanofluid in various heat transfer applications. Apart from that, this review outlines challenges regarding hybrid nanofluid and some suggestions to improve future researches in this area.