Model struktur tekanan dan tahap kemampuan perumahan di dalam pasaran harta tanah kediaman di Malaysia

Abstract

Housing is one of the basic needs for human being. However, housing affordability stress has becoming an economic challenge to households in several countries, including Malaysia. Owning a house required large amount of cost and the rise in house prices had led to the decline in purchasing power among households. This indirectly reduced house hold affordability. The big difference between the affordability and the house price has forced them to live in low quality and uncomfortable home, improper amenities, hence it led to housing affordability stress on household.Thus, this study was conducted to achieve three objectives. The first objective is to identify the factors that influencehousehold housing affordability stress to own a house; secondly, to evaluate the level of housing affordability of all household income groups; and thirdly, to develop a relationship model among the factors that influence household housing affordability stress with household housing affordability level. This study involved 418 randomly selected household in Iskandar Malaysia. This study was conducted by distribution of questionnaires approach. The data gathered were analyzed by using descriptive analysis techniques, calculation on Relative Important Index (RII), and structural equation modeling-partial least square (SEM-PLS) estimation. The findings show that most of the respondents choose economy, property market, demography, stress, housing need, social and environmental are the factors that influenced hosuing affordability stress. However, out of these seven factors, three were identified as the key factors influencing the housing affordability stress. They are economy, property market and demography factors. Moreover, household housing affordability level are houses that pricedwithin RM100,000 to RM250,000 with an income of RM3,000 to RM5,000. Total monthly installments payable to own a house is between RM1,500 and RM2,000 per month with a financing period of 26 to 30 years. This study shows that there is a significant relationship between housing affordability stress factorswhich are economy, environmental, social and stress with household housing affordabilitylevel. However, factors such as property market, demography and housing need, show no significant relationship withhousehold housing affodability level. The contribution of this study include in the designing of a housing policy, instrument to measure the level of household housing affordability and the enhancement of knowledge in related field.