Liquefaction resistance of sand-fine mixtures: a review with current research on factors influencing liquefaction resistance

Abstract

Sand is well understood as susceptible material to liquefy under seismic condition. In many cases o f liquefaction, the loss o f property and damages occurred due to the earthquake phenomenon are caused by sandy soils. The interaction between sand and fines particles appears to be well studied subject. However there are some contradictory findings on some factors influencing liquefaction resistance in sand-fine mixtures. Therefore, this paper aim to present results and current findings from previous researchers which focused on sand-fine mixtures using various type o f sand to interpret liquefaction resistance and its behaviour. It has been identified that recent findings on the particle size distribution and grading characteristics o f sand in sand-fine mixtures are still contradicting.