An exploratory factor analysis and reliability analysis for green affordable housing criteria instrument

Abstract

A Green Affordable Housing (GAH) criteria questionnaire was developed to determine stakeholders’ preferences and their willingness to pay according to GAH criteria and features in Malaysia. This study was conducted in Johor Bahru, Klang Valley, and Penang to elaborate the development of valid and reliable instrument. Reliability test and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used to measure the instrument so as to produce an empirical verification of the validity and reliability of the questionnaire. Literature search and pilot study with potential homebuyers, developers, and local authorities in Johor Bahru were carried out and appropriate items were extracted. From 39 items composed, 26 items remained to be completed by study sample because some items were not applicable to be incorporated into Malaysia’s local conditions. The instrument measured six constructs namely Energy Efficiency (EE), Sustainable Site Planning and Management (SM), Water Efficiency (WE), Material and Resources (MR), Indoor Environmental Quality (EQ), and Innovation (IN) with 7-point Likert Scale. All six constructs have high reliability index value which is between 0.988-9.989. Accordingly, the factor analysis final outcome was six criteria with eigen value more than 1 that explained 66.67 percent of variance in the data. Factor loading for each criteria ranged from 0.534-0.829, reflecting the dimension of the six criteria. The result obtained has proven that this study’s instrument has high reliability and validity.