A study of residential and commercial building for hybrid photovoltaic and battery system

Abstract

Demand for the use of fossil energy is constantly increasing every year around the world. This situation lasted from ten years ago until now. Due to the sudden increase in population each year, energy burden is also increase. Recently, Renewable Energy (RE) has emerged and used from a small percentage of global energy source. Solar energy is rapidly expanding across the globe to be used as electricity especially in the islands, resorts, villages and remote areas far from the grid lines. In Malaysia solar energy is easily available from sources of sunlight as Malaysia's position is at the center of the equatorial line. The absorption and storage of the sun's source is very high at peak hours between 1200 noon and 1700 pm. The Fit-in-Tariff (FiT) was introduced by the Malaysian government to increase the profit margin of Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB) every year. Subsequently the government made an exchange of the concept of electricity consumption from the Fit-in-Tariff to the Net Energy Metering (NEM). The concept is regulated by Sustainable Energy Development Agency (SEDA) which is divided into several categories for user. The actual load data is taken from the quarters of the National Youth Association of Higher Skills Institute for residential building and Nasuha Enterprise Sdn. Bhd. for commercial building. Then, solar and temperature data is downloaded online from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) at the position of 2.135 latitude and 102,723 longitude. Results after running simulations on HOMER PRO software are shown on the sensitivity and optimization for both residential and commercial buildings.