Electromagnetic radiation between pacemaker and cellular phone with the human body in close proximity

Abstract

A pacemaker is a small device that’s placed in the chest or abdomen to help control the abnormal heart rhythms. Pacemaker telemetry is used for communicate with other communication devices and the suitable operating frequency used is 402-405 MHz. The issues concerning cellular phones are the electromagnetic radiation (EMR) that the devices produce. The most of the interference related to disturbance the signal is on cardiac monitors. The aims of this project are to determine the interference between mobile antenna 2.4 GHz and 900 MHz towards antenna 402 MHz. Second is to measure the transmission coefficient between two antennas with the presence of human body. The distance source has been taken into account in this project. Antenna with operating frequency 900 MHz and 2.4 GHz was simulated with and without non-homogenous body phantom and measured it as validation purposes. The mobile antenna with frequency 2.4 GHz and 900 MHz also simulated with the pacemaker telemetry antenna 402 MHz and measured the performance in terms of power absorption with varied the distance between mobile antenna and pacemaker antenna. Besides, the thickness of the human body also taken into account. SAR simulation has been done for precise the result of the performance in terms of power absorption from antenna operating 2.4 GHz and 900 MHz towards 402 MHz antenna. As a result, the performance in terms of power received between antenna 2.4GHz and 900 MHz towards antenna 402 MHz was comply with FCC standard compliances which is below -16 dBm. The higher the distance gives the lower power received which is -25 dBm instead of 10mm distance gives -18 dBm in terms of power received. The SAR simulations for antenna operating frequency 900 MHz and 2.4 GHz with non-homogenous body phantom with varied the thickness in between 1mm to 10mm were also complying the FCC compliances (below 1.6 Kg/W). The SAR value is increase with the increasing distance and thickness of fat tissue in body phantom.