Developing hydrological model for water quality in Iraq marshes zone by using geographic information system and remote sensing

Abstract

The mesopotamia marshlands constitute the largest wetland ecosystem in the middle east and western Eurasia, These marshlands are located at the confluence of Tigris and Euphrates rivers in southern Iraq, The construction dams by Turkish and Syrian for water storage as well as hydroelectric power generation along the Euphrates and Tigris rivers are led to reduce and deterioration water quality in Iraq's marshes, Moreover the first gulf war in 1980 and 1991 then 2003 wars on Iraq these led to deterioration and damaged majority of the marshes resources, In fact the marshes had been reduced in size to less than 7% since 1973 and had deteriorated in water quality parameters, The objective of this study to develop a new algorithm to retrieve water quality from Landsat-7 (TM and ETM) data based on differential equations algorithm. Moreover To derive two dimensional hydrodynamic effects on water quality patterns and trajectory movement of water quality distribution depending on finite element model such as two-dimensional depth averaged finite element hydrodynamic numerical model of resource management associates (FENM-RMA 2) and finite element water quality transport numerical model of resource management associates (FENM-RMA4) then using geographic information system to map hydrodynamic and the spatial variation of water quality parameters concentrations for total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS) and salinity within Iraq's marshes in series time of different years.