Mohammad Zainol, Muzakkir and Saidina Amin, Nor Aishah and Mohd. Asmadi, Mohd. Asmadi (2015) Synthesis and characterization of carbon cryogel microspheres from lignin-furfural mixtures for biodiesel production. Bioresource Technology, 190 . pp. 44-50. ISSN 9608-5241
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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2015.04.067
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the potential of biofuel and biomass processing industry side-products as acid catalyst. The synthesis of carbon cryogel from lignin–furfural mixture, prepared via sol–gel polycondensation at 90 °C for 0.5 h, has been investigated for biodiesel production. The effect of lignin to furfural (L/F) ratios, lignin to water (L/W) ratios and acid concentration on carbon cryogel synthesis was studied. The carbon cryogels were characterized and tested for oleic acid conversion. The thermally stable amorphous spherical carbon cryogel has a large total surface area with high acidity. Experimental results revealed the optimum FAME yield and oleic acid conversion of 91.3 wt.% and 98.1 wt.%, respectively were attained at 65 °C for 5 h with 5 wt.% catalyst loading and 20:1 methanol to oleic acid molar ratio. Therefore, carbon cryogel is highly potential for heterogeneous esterification of free fatty acid to biodiesel.
Item Type: | Article |
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Uncontrolled Keywords: | acid catalyst, biodiesel, carbon cryogel |
Subjects: | T Technology > TP Chemical technology |
Divisions: | Chemical and Energy Engineering |
ID Code: | 58857 |
Deposited By: | Haliza Zainal |
Deposited On: | 04 Dec 2016 04:08 |
Last Modified: | 06 Oct 2021 06:23 |
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