Production chemistry problems in production operation-scale during pressure maintenance

Abstract

Scale deposition is one of the most serious oil field problems that inflict water injection systems primarily when two incompatible waters are involved. Two waters are incompatible if they interact chemically and precipitate minerals when mixed. Typical examples are sea water, with high concentration of sulfate ion and formation waters, with high concentrations of calcium, barium, and strontium ions. Mixing of these waters, therefore, could cause precipitation of calcium sulfate, barium sulfate and/or strontium sulfate. This study was conducted to investigate the permeability reduction caused by deposition of calcium, strontium, and barium sulfates in sandstone cores from mixing of injected sea water and formation water that contained high concentration of calcium, barium, and strontium ions at various temperatures (50 - 80 °C) and differential pressures (100 - 200 psig).