Laminar mixed convective nanofluids flow over a triple forward facing step having a circular cylinder

Abstract

Numerical investigations are conducted using finite volume method of study the laminar convective heat transfer and nanofluids flows aver a forward facing step (FFS) with a circular cylinder. The continuity, momentum and energy equations are discretized and the SIMPLE algorithm scheme is applied to link the pressure and velocity fields inside the domain for four different types of nanoparticles, ??????????,CuO,SiO??,and ZnO with 1-4 % volume fraction in base fluid (water).The wall downstream of the first step was maintained at uniform heat flux, while the straight wall that forms the other side of the duct was equivalent to the inlet fluid temperature. The wall upstream of the steps and steps were considered as adiabatic surfaces. In this project, several parameters such as boundary condition (different Reynolds number), types of fluids (base fluid with different type of nanoparticles), different volume fraction and different particle diameter are investigated to identify their effect on the heat transfer and fluid flow over FFS geometries. The numerical results indicate that Nanofluids with low dense nanoparticles have higher velocity than those with high dense nanoparticles. The four types of Nanofluid achieved higher Nusselt number than pure water. Nanofluid with SiO?? particle achieved the highest Nusselt number followed by ZnO, ?????????? andCuO, respectively. For all the cases Nusselt number increased with the increase of Reynolds number and Nusselt number will increase around a circular cylinder located in forward facing step channel