Studies to investigate the effects of nitrogen sources on androgenesis and carbon sources on shoot regeneration of aroma and non-aromatic types in indica rice (Oryza Sativa L)

Abstract

Indica rice is reported to be recalcitrant to in vitro techniques including anther culture. The effect of nitrogen sources in culture media at callus induction stage and sources of carbon at the regeneration stage were investigated. Two aromatic cultivars (SRI12 and Basmati 385) and two non-aromatic cultivars (SK282 and IR36) have been evaluated to androgenesis response. Aromatic cultivars responded well to androgenesis, while non-aromatic cultivars did not respond to androgenesis. The best response to callus induction rate and callus productivity have recorded of SRI12 and Basmati 385 cultivars (CR = 7.32%, 3.59%) and (CP = 4.37%, 1.88%) respectively. However, the effectiveness of androgenesis was improved in modified RZ media by using a higher level of nitrate ion (N03-) from KNO3 with a lower level of ammonium ion (NH4+) from (NH4) 2SO4. The highest value of callus induction rate, callus productivity and responsive anthers have achieved to SRI12 and Basmati 385 cultivars (CR = 14.84%, 9.52%), (CP = 8.61%, 4.62%) and (RA = 5.34%, 3.33%) respectively, when the highest level of nitrate ion (N03-) with the lowest level of ammonium ion (NH4+) were utilized. The effect of saccharide (sucrose and maltose) on shoot regeneration was investigated in MS media. Sucrose media enhanced shoot induction to SRI12, The values of regeneration frequency and regeneration productivity were achieved (61.89 %, 76.14 %) respectively. However, maltose media promoted shoot induction to Basmati 385 cultivar, the values of regeneration frequency and regeneration productivity were obtained (75%, 125%) respectively. The results indicated that using the highest level of nitrate ion with the lowest level of ammonium ion is useful to enhance androgenesison response. However, the effect of saccharide on shoot regeneration is genotypes depended on recalcitrant indica cultivars.