Evaluation of total antioxidant and phytochemical from different maturity of jackfruit leaves using ultrasonic-assisted extraction

Abstract

Jackfruit or Artocarpus heterophyllus is a tropical fruit that having high medicinal value to human health. Through the previous results of pharmacological studies, it proves that jackfruit leaves provide benefits in medicine such as have some properties of antioxidants, antidiabetics, anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and possess wound healing properties. Many studies reported that jacalin from Artocarpus heterophyllus seed is the major source of antioxidants from jackfruit. However, the study on evaluation the total of antioxidant content in Artocarpus heterophyllus leaves extract are rarely reported. This study was focused on Artocarpus heterophyllus young and matured leaves extract capability in antioxidant activity using environmental friendly extraction via Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction (UAE) method. It was found that antioxidant activities existed in both young and matured leaves extract. The comparative of different maturity of leaves (young and matured leaves), whereas the ultrasonic extraction parameter involved as variables parameter of ultrasonic amplitude (20%, 60% and 100%) and time sonication (5min, 15min and 25min). At 60% amplitude and 15 minutes sonication, the total of antioxidants of leaves extract in which determined through DPPH analysis showed the percentage of DPPH scavenging activity was low compared to matured leaves with 59.7 % and 78.6 % respectively. These results showed that the occurrence of high antioxidant activity in young leaves compared to mature leaves with the value exhibited in the percentage of DPPH analysis showed the opposite value with antioxidant activity. The phenolic content was determined using Folin-Ciocalteu assay method while the flavonoid content was examined using colorimetric assay. As a result, the extract of young leaves has contributed the higher phytochemical content of phenolic (43.03 g GAE/100 DM) and flavonoids (25.56 g CE/100 DM) compared to matured leaves. The phytochemical content was given significant results which is in line with higher antioxidant in young leaves compared to matured leaves. Therefore, extraction parameters were observed influenced the level of bioactivities in jackfruit leaves extract.