Angiogenic and osteogenic properties of fibrin in bone tissue engineering

Abstract

The bone scaffold has become a promising alternative in bone tissue engineering due to the limitation associated with current bone treatments. However, the selection of scaffold material that could accurately mimic the extracellular matrix of native tissue remains challenging. Owing to its biological origin properties, natural materials including fibrin are widely used as scaffold materials as compared to synthetic materials. Fibrin has been recognized as one of the appealing natural biopolymers, which possesses unique characteristic due to its natural formed nano-scaffold, which provide a temporary matrix that facilitates cellular activities of cells. Fibrin has shown remarkable effects over other biomaterials in inducing angiogenesis and osteogenesis in bone regeneration owing to its mechanical and biological properties. In this article, we highlight the significance of fibrin materials in facilitating bone regeneration. We focus on the manipulation of fibrin composition and on the recent developments of fibrin composites in enhancing osteogenesis and angiogenesis for bone healing.