Antecedents of leadership strength toward teacher self-efficacy for online learning quality based on COVID-19 pandemic

Abstract

The online-based learning orientation that is currently being applied is one of the efforts to overcome the pressures of the COVID-19 pandemic on the education sector. Whatever the situation is, learning must preserve children's rights to get the quality learning. The study aimed to determine the effect of spiritual leadership and transformational leadership on online learning quality, with teacher self-efficacy as a mediating variable. This study used a quantitative approach, with the research population consisting of principals and elementary/junior high school teachers in Tana Tidung Regency, North Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. Data analysis in this study used SEM, with the help of Amos 24.0. The results showed: (1) spiritual and transformational leadership have a partial or simultaneous influence on teacher self-efficacy; (2) spiritual, transformational leadership, and teacher self-efficacy have a partial or simultaneous influence on the quality of online learning; and (3) spiritual and transformational leadership has an indirect influence on the quality of online learning through teacher self-efficacy.