Well-being in the workplace: unravelling the determinants and consequences of work stress presenteeism from the perspective of the job demands-resources (JD-R) model

Abstract

Managing employees' well-being has garnered the attention of academics and industry practitioners worldwide over the past few years. Presenteeism, a phenomenon that is closely related to employee well-being, has attracted increasing interest in recent years. However, most studies were focused on sickness presenteeism. Hence, in terms of novelty, this study endeavors to examine stress-related presenteeism and its impact on Malaysian employees. In addition, this study also examines team efficacy as one of the determinants of stress presenteeism, which is not widely studied, especially in the Malaysian context. In this study, stress-related presenteeism was utilized to measure presenteeism. Stress-related presenteeism negatively impacts employees' well-being and proves to be costly to employers, as it would lead to lower levels of productivity and performance. The central aim of this study is to examine the determinants of workplace presenteeism through the lens of job demands-resources model. Using Structural Equation Modelling via SmartPLS, the study then proceeds to analyze the consequence of presenteeism on employees' work performance and well-being. The result indicated that workload significantly influences presenteeism and, in turn, leads to lower work performance and psychological well-being. Finally, the implications of these findings were also discussed in this study.