Silver nanoparticles loaded activated carbon synthesis using Clitorea Ternatea extract for crystal violet dye removal

Abstract

Dyes are coloured compound which are widely used in textile, painting, rubber, cosmetics, plastics and leather industry to colour their products. However, the irresponsibility of certain manufacturer results in producing dye waste and channel it to water resources had become one of the biggest challenges in water pollution. In this study, an effective solid adsorbent derived from sustainable sources for adsorption capacity study was produced which is silver nanoparticles loaded activated carbon (Ag NPs-AC) to remove crystal violet (CV) dye. Adsorption process are cost-effective, simple and flexible with various dye pollutants. Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) was synthesized from Clitorea Ternatea flower extract that utilizes functions as stabilizing agents for silver nitrate (AgNO3) to promotes environmental friendly with no toxic chemicals produced and loaded in activated carbon (AC). Characterization of Ag NPs was analysed using UV-Visible which correspond to peak at 408 nm and XRD analysis. Four peaks values for silver at 2θ of 38.19°, 44.43°, 64.57°, 77.43° and average crystallite size of Ag NPs and Ag NPs-AC were calculated to be 16.11 nm and 36.13 nm respectively that were obtained from XRD pattern. The adsorption capacity of Ag NPs-AC was analysed and the optimum conditions were determined using different parameters which are the Ag NPs-AC ratio (1.0 g), contact time (240 min), adsorbent dosage (30 mg) and pH of CV dye (10). The highest percentage removal of CV dye using Ag NPs-AC was recorded up to 97% at 240 min with 30 mg dosage. Ag NPs-AC as adsorbent is a promising advanced materials in removing water pollutants with viable conditions and can applied in the wastewater treatment industry.