Determining elements in mobile learning implemention among instructors in vocational colleges: a fuzzy Delphi method

Abstract

This study aims to identify the elements of implementing mobile learning based on Competency-based Education. The confirmation of elements was based on the opinions and consensus of experts. The consensus survey was constructed based on the emergent themes that experts raised during their interview sessions. Sixteen experts in Competency-based Education were included in the survey. The data was analyzed using the Fuzzy Delphi method (FDM). The results indicate that eight elements met the FDM requirements. Its threshold value is ≤ 0.2, the percentage expert consensus is ≥ 75%, and the average score of the Fuzzy number is over 0.5. These eight elements are students, teachers, technology, learning environment, content, assessment, learning strategy, and learning activity. The outcomes of this research will be useful for stakeholders within the educational sector to address student competency, including the Ministry of Education Malaysia, the Technical and Vocational Education Division, teachers, students, and developers and designers of mobile learning applications.