Self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEEDS) for improved bioavailability of active compound on single clove garlic: Optimization of PEG 400 and glycerol as co-surfactant

Abstract

Single garlic has many advantages compared to regular garlic, with an active compound content five times higher than regular garlic, and the ability to maintain homeostasis of the body's immune system. Active compounds of single garlic such as Allicin are easily degraded and have low bioavailability in the digestive tract, so the expected health effects are not optimal. Self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) is an excellent delivery technique in increasing the solubility and absorption rate of active compounds with poor solubility levels in the water. This study aimed to optimize the co-surfactant between PEG-400 and glycerol. Determination of the optimum co-surfactant based on the solubility test, response test (pH, emulsification time, transmittance), and nanoemulsion grade from 14 SNEDDS formulations. The results showed that SNEDDS preparations with co-surfactant glycerol had a better transmittance response, and nanoemulsion grade and extract solubility were more stable than PEG-400. SNEDSS formulation with co-surfactant glycerol has the potential to increase the bioavailability of single garlic extract, based on the results of the solubility test, response test, and nanoemulsion grade.