Analysis of expert validation on developing stem teachers hots questionning application inventory

Abstract

In STEM education, useful HOTS questioning application is one of the excellent instructional methods that could engage and assess students towards 21st-century learning goals in higher-order thinking. However, the majority of STEM teachers have insufficient understanding of the concepts of HOTS questioning taxonomies and thinking process to construct HOTS questions. The purpose of this study is to develop a valid and reliable STEM Teachers HOTS Questioning Application Inventory that could measure and assess STEM teachers? knowledge and practice in generating HOTS questions. This inventory contains six dimensions to measure, such as questioning principles, pedagogical content knowledge, external world view, classroom management, in-depth and analytical thinking and complex thinking strategies. The development of this inventory evaluated by four panels of experts using Fleiss Kappa inter-rater assessment. The K value of Fleiss Kappa for the inventory is 0.71. Based on the K value and the validation process, this inventory will use for investigating STEM teachers HOTS questioning application literacy. The findings of this study will help to contribute feedback to school administrators and the Malaysian Ministry of Education policymakers for organizing STEM teachers? pedagogical training and professional development in future.