Short and long term effects of tourism GDP performance in Malaysia

Abstract

This study applies observational investigation and concentrates on two primary variables which foreign direct investment and tourism. Information from 1991 to 2019 was gathered from World Bank to focus the relationship among the variables. The tests used to decipher this result are Stationary Test, Co-integration Test, Vector Error Correction Model and Granger Causality test. First, the Stationary Test focused on the Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) test was measuring about the time series data’s stationary property. Next, the method used to assess the existence of the relationship between two foreign direct investment variables and tourism is the Co-integrated Test. The Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) includes a bug fix model that should focus on the core behavior of that model. VECM specifies a simulated model that changes simultaneously towards its long-term estimates. It shows that disequilibrium disease will join in to make it work longer. VECM similarly observed the relationship between the variables over time. Finally, the Granger Causality Test was performed to look at the causal relationship between the two variables which is the relationship between foreign direct investment and tourism.