A novel study on time-dependent viscosity model of magneto-hybrid nanofluid flow over a permeable cone: applications in material engineering

Abstract

The dominating features of hybrid nanofluid such as high heat transfer rates, excellent electrical and thermal conductivity, and low cost, have been successfully attracted the attention of global researchers. In light of these amazing features, the current mathematical research explores the effects of variable viscosity on radiative magneto-hybrid nanofluid (Cu–Fe3O4/water) flow over a vertical cone inside porous medium. In addition, variable heat flux relation with boundary layer flow in the presence of heat generation/absorption is scrutinized. The Crank–Nicolson scheme together with Thomas algorithm is implemented to obtain the numerical solutions of constructed mathematical model with the aid of MATLAB software. The impact of various controlling parameters on virtual flow properties, temperature and velocity is scrutinized, and the obtained outcomes are exhibited graphically. The physically important quantities such as heat transfer coefficient and wall shear stress are evaluated versus governing constraints, and the results are summarized in the tables and illustrated graphically as well. The results unveil that the thermal performance of the system increases in the presence of nanoparticles, magnetic field and thermal radiation. Moreover, velocity of the fluid increases due to high permeability effects. The results of this work may have useful applications in materials science and engineering.