Phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity from sonneratia caseolaris fruit extract

Abstract

A study out to investigate the phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity of Sonneratia caseolaris fruit, a mangrove plant from Maros Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The Sonneratia caseolaris extract was prepared by two different solvents: ethyl acetate and ethanol 70%. We tested the extract of the Sonneratia caseolaris for antioxidant activity by using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The phytochemicals were extracted separately with ethyl acetate and ethanol 70% by maceration. The evaluation of antibacterial activity for the different solvent with a different concentration of Sonneratia caseolaris fruit was measurements of inhibitory power are measured by measuring the diameter of the clear zone formed. In a phytochemical test Sonneratia caseolaris fruits extracted by ethyl acetate solvent confirmed the presence of flavonoids, saponin, tannin and phenolic and extracted by using ethanol 70% solvent confirmed the presence of alkaloid, saponin and phenolic. The antioxidant activity as indicated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity of the Sonneratia caseolaris fruits extract from the species was found to be quite appreciable. The antioxidant scavenging activity of Sonneratia caseolaris fruit extract by ethyl acetate solvent was 0.38% and by ethanol solvent was 0.08%. Antimicrobial activity of Sonneratia caseolaris fruits ethyl acetate extract obtained significant (P<0.05) to Escherechia coli and Candida albicans but not significant to Staphylococcus aureus. The Sonneratia caseolaris extracted by ethanol 70% solvents was highly promising among Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans with level of significance was from P <0.05. The study suggests Sonneratia caseolaris fruits as a potential source of bioactive compounds with stable antioxidative and antimicrobial properties and can be used as natural antimicrobial/antioxidative agents in clinical, pharmaceutical and food processing industries.