A review on kinetic energy harvesting towards innovative technological advances from sustainable sources

Abstract

High energy demand that is indicated by abundant energy use especially fossil fuels, has led to the depletion of fossil fuels, global warming, and air pollution. Consequently, clean sustainable renewable energy was developed to provide safe, clean, secure and affordable energy. Amongst various forms of harvestable energy, the kinetic energy is easily detected, abundant, and widely available. Moreover, the industrial revolutions brought to the mechanical dominant world, increasing the kinetic energy within the ecosystem. It can be harvested more directly compared to other forms of energy. However, there are many systems with significant kinetic energy do not complement with any kinetic energy harvesting technology. Therefore, this paper reviews the fundamentals and applications of the kinetic energy harvesting from clean sustainable renewable sources via three different transduction mechanisms, besides their pros and cons, opportunity, challenges, and environmental impacts. Similarly, this paper briefs about their carbon performance, and existing policies promoting their use or development. Based on the discussions, suggestions were given on the policy to promote the clean sustainable renewable kinetic energy harvesting. This paper provides understanding and information on the kinetic energy harvesting; besides explore its potential applications and impacts, contributing to sustainable energy harvesting and use.