Removal of reactive black 5 dye using poly acryl amide grafted watermelon seeds in synthetic dye wastewater

Abstract

Reactive Black 5 dyes is one of the popular dyes that being used in dyes industry. Better shade, fastness and resistance towards organic solvent is one the main reason for the selection Reactive Black 5 dyes in dye industry. This properties of Reactive Black 5 dyes has lead to a several problem in the treatment process of the dye effluent. Besides that, presence of an aromatic rings in the structure of Reactive Black 5 dyes causes difficulties to remove the dyes stuff completely from the dye effluent. Hence, this study is focusing on the removal of Reactive Black 5 dyes particles by using grafted natural co-polymer from the grafting of Poly Acryl Amide with Watermelon seed (PAM-g-Watermelon seed).The synthesizing of PAM-g- Watermelon seed was done using microwave assisted method with ratio of 1:7 at irradiation time of 1 minutes where the grafting percentage was 189 %. Characterization of PAM-g-Watermelon seed before and after grafting was analyse using Scanning Electron Microscopy analysis (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared analysis (FTIR). Changes in morphological and addition of new band number that occur after grafting is the indication to prove that grafting process is successful. Performance of PAM-g-Watermelon seed was study by using Jar test method, where the dosage is varied at 0.2 g/L to 1.0 g/L, pH range at 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 and settling time was range from 60 minutes to 90 minutes with mixing speed of 140 rpm for rapid mixing and 40 rpm for slow mixing. For PAM-g-Watermelon seed best dosage was at 0.2 g/L with optimum pH 11 and best settling time range from 90 - 120 minutes.