Double-clad fiber michelson interferometer for measurement of temperature and refractive index

Abstract

An all-fiber Michelson interferometer based on double-clad fiber (DCF) is proposed for temperature and refractive index (RI) sensing. The sensor is formed by continuous splicing between single mode fiber, multimode fiber, and DCF. Temperature measurement is achieved by monitoring the dip wavelength shift of the interferometer spectra resulting from thermo-optic effect on core and first cladding of DCF. RI measurement is established from the power change in spectra due to the Fresnel's reflection at the DCF tip. Experimental result on 18.5 mm sensor manifests that temperature and RI responses are distinguishable. For instance, power level at 1540.5 nm exhibits quadratic shift to RI changes while unaffected to temperature changes. Dip wavelengths of sensor spectra demonstrate linear shift to temperature changes while unaffected by RI changes. The proposed sensor is cost effective as sensor fabrication only requires conventional splicing. Sensor capability to distinguish temperature and RI parameters makes it practical for broad range applications including for biomedical and food industries.