Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy measurement for liquids: Experimental configurations and sample preparations

Abstract

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is an analytical spectroscopy technique that offers precise quantitative chemical analysis using high energy laser pulse. Although LIBS has been linked as an analytical technique with no sample preparation, this case may be a boundary in preventing it from being a more advanced technique. Regardless of LIBS countless contributions in providing measurements for solid samples, the future applications of LIBS can be explored with the aid of sample preparation methods. This review highlights the previous works of researchers that have proposed and improved various configuration methods specifically targeting to upgrade the LIBS measurements of liquid samples.