Dimensional survey using terrestrial laser scanning for industrial construction in Malaysia

Abstract

Measuring and generating a three-dimensional (3D) model using laser scanning techniques is increasingly common in various fields because laser scanners can produce a large number of observation points in a short time. This study focuses on data acquisition using Leica C10 laser scanner and 3D modeling using Autodesk Revit software for construction industry and that which is in accordance to QLASSIC standards. Leica C10 is known as a long distance laser scanner that is suitable for collecting data of large objects while Autodesk Revit is a software for generating 3D models using laser scanner data for construction industry. Two building structures namely precast concrete and cast-in-situ concrete were used in this study. The crucial procedure before data collection was to ensure that the station of laser scanner allowed at least three black/white targets to be viewed for registration purposes. For the analysis, the distance measured between design model and measuring tape, and distance measured between design model and 3D model from the laser scanner were compared. To support QLASSIC, the difference should not exceed ± 10mm. The results of the study for the precast concrete show that the value of RMSE between the design model and the 3D model from the laser scanner is 2.972mm while for the design model and the measuring tape is 14mm. For cast-in-situ concrete, the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) value between the design model and the 3D model from the laser scanner is 3.346mm while the RMSE value between the design model and the measuring tape is 14.823mm. The results of the analysis indicate that the measured distance between the design model and the 3D model from the laser scanner is in accordance with the permissible accuracy in QLASSIC standard. The flatness percentage analysis was also performed for cast-in-situ concrete. While the QLASSIC standard for flatness percentage analysis is set at 70%, the flatness percentage analysis for cast-in-situ concrete between design model and the 3D model from the laser scanner is 79.5%. In conclusion, Leica C10 is suitable for industrial construction and supports QLASSIC standards.