Conflict resolution between heterogeneous local communities involved in rural tourism in Gopeng, Perak

Abstract

Local communities, particularly in rural tourism destinations, play an important part in managing tourism resources. Contrary to common perception, local communities in rural areas are not homogenous but heterogeneous in nature, and therefore strong cooperation and integration is crucial. The study area, which is located in Gopeng, Perak, has the potential to be Malaysia’s premier eco-adventure destination. The key stakeholders are the Rawa-Malay community, the Malay and Chinese chalet operators, and the Orang Asli community. However, conflicts among the local stakeholders are impeding its growth and the equal distribution of economic benefits. The main objectives of this study are to investigate the main conflict, to understand factors that contribute to the conflicts as well as to measure the level of conflict and their implications. Data were collected by combining quantitative and qualitative approaches and analysed using SPSS and Nvivo statistical software. The analysis was based on three (3) main constructs, which are main conflicts, conflict sources, and barriers against cooperation and integration. The research findings show that the internal conflict within the Rawa-Malay community is insignificant. In contrast, external conflicts in tourism management between the different stakeholders were more prevalent due to the disparities, low levels of unity, lack of intervention from the Government, and negative competition. Plus, the external conflict has entered Phase 4 of the conflict model, which means that the conflict has reached a level that can only be reduced but not totally eradicated. The approach for handling this phase is by sacrificing interpersonal or intergroup relationship to achieve mutually acceptable solutions. Thus, a new management structure needed as a good negotiation platform. Moreover, the Government has the potential to be the intermediary between the parties in strengthening ties and mitigating conflicts. Efforts to attract more young people are vital so that old rivalries could be eradicated.