In vitro antioxidant, antityrosinase, antibacterial and cytotoxicity activities of the leaf and stem essential oil from piper magnibaccum c. Dc.

Abstract

The chemical composition of essential oils obtained from two parts of Piper magnibaccum C.DC. were analyzed by gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector (GC-FID) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). 25 components representing 93.5% of the essential oil were characterized from the leaf of P. magnibaccum. The essential oil was dominated by germacrene D (40.8%), β-caryophyllene (8.5%) and α-cadinol (6.1%). A total of 33 components, representing 87.6% of the total oil were identified from the stem of P. magnibaccum. The major constituents were β-caryophyllene (19.7%), germacrene D (10.7%), and α- cadinol (8.2%). The antioxidant potential of the leaf and stem essential oils of P. magnibaccum were determined on the basis of phenolic content and scavenging activity of the stable 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) (IC 50 20.5, 17.5 μg/mL) and 2,2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) (IC 50 11.7, 12.9 μg/ mL) free radicals. Antityrosinase activity of the leaf and stem were also screened using mushroom tyrosinase assay (I %= 49.50±0.6, 57.01±0.8). The essential oil of P. magnibaccum leaf showed a moderate antibacterial activity with MIC value of 250 μg/mL against P. aeruginosa. None of the essential oils exhibited acute cytotoxicity against MCF-7 and A-549 cells proliferation.