Design and physicochemical evaluation of nanostructured lipid carrier encapsulated zingiber zerumbet oil by D-optimal mixture design

Abstract

The D-optimal mixture design was employed to evaluate the effect of different composition variables on particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential and encapsulation efficiency for optimization of Zingiber zerumbet oil loaded nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC). The glyceryl monostearate were used as solid lipid, virgin coconut oil as liquid lipid, and Tween 80 as well as soy lecithin were used as surfactant to achieve stable NLC formulation. The hot homogenization and ultrasonication techniques were employed in preparation of NLC. The statistical evaluations by ANOVA revealed that optimum NLC formulation generated as 3.7% Zingiber zerumbet oil, 5% liquid lipid and 1.3% solid lipid. The optimal NLC formulation had an average diameter of 91.002 nm, PDI of 0.172, zeta-potential of -40.88 mV, and encapsulation efficiency of 94.45%. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations exhibited spherical morphology of Zingiber zerumbet oil loaded NLC. Penetration through Strat-M® membrane shown an excellent diffusion coefficient of NLC-Zingiber zerumbet oil. Therefore, D-optimal mixture design has succeeded in generating optimum NLC formulation for encapsulation of Zingiber zerumbet oil. The stable formulation of NLC for encapsulating essential oil give promising future in various applications such as drug delivery, food, textile and cosmetics.