Pendekatan perkongsian awam-persendirian dalam perancangan dan pengurusan hutan bandar di Makassar, Indonesia

Abstract

Rapid urbanisation especially in the developing countries is frequently accompanied by the deterioration of the urban environment. Urban forest has been acknowledged to positively contribute to the ecological, social and economic aspects of a city. Urban forest planning and management in developed countries such as North America and Europe have been successful through the shared involvement of the urban authorities, private companies and the local communities. Cities in developing countries however is challenged by the high land cost and competing land uses. This study therefore aims to explore the public-private partnership approach as an alternative to urban forest provision for Makassar City, Indonesia. Although the former Mayor of Makassar city had declared 10 urban forest sites, to date, none was developed due to land ownership issues and cost incurred. The study applied the mixed method approach involving three stages. The first stage which reviewed the legal provisions and policies relating to urban forest revealed that there is no regulat ion which makes it mandatory for the city government to provide an urban forest for a city. The second stage analysed the biophysical characteristics of various sites identified as urban forests. It was revealed that only sites in Universitas Hasanuddin and Universitas Negeri Makassar were suitable while others are less satisfactory due to their size, accessibility and current condition. The third stage analysed the perceptions of various stakeholders on the various aspects of urban forest as well as on the private public partnership approach. This study used a structured questionnaire to obtain the perception of 64 respondents, who were selected based on purposive sampling among those who have an interest in urban forestry program from both the public and private sectors, academics, non-governmental organisations and local communities. A deeper understanding of the planning and management of urban forest as well as public - private partnerships was also obtained through interviews with the Mayor of Makassar City, a member of state representative assembly, land owners, selected academics and private companies. The results showed that most respondents perceived that urban forests have environmental benefits thus should be provided to maintain the sustainability of Makassar City. Although most respondents were aware of the weaknesses of a partnership approach, the majority of respondents expect a publicprivate partnership approach can be implemented if both the public and private sectors are commited. Except for the Mayor who feels that urban forests are costly, other stakeholders welcomed the implementation of a public-private partnership underpinned by clear division of roles and responsibilities between the involved parties. A framework of public-private partnership for the urban forest is recommended providing for both the process of planning and management of urban forest as well as the distribution of roles of various stakeholders.